The construction industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the UAE and employs some 28 percent of the labour force. The vast majority of employees are expatriates. Whilst this is understandable for occupations which involve manual labour, the sector employs nearly 17,000 workers in desk-bound occupations. These occupations include managers, engineers who perform desk-bound jobs, accountants, assistant accountants, secretaries, receptionists, material-recording and transport clerks, public relations clerks, personnel and human resource clerks and other office clerks. At present, UAE Nationals are under-represented in this sector. Policy recommendations to help promote Emiratisation have been developed from an examination of the following issues as they relate to desk-bound occupations:
o Salaries
o Working hours and leave entitlements
o Minimum educational qualifications, experience and competencies required
o Recruitment and career development
Methodology
Initial information on the number and types of positions, and salaries, was gained from the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs’ database. Further information was gathered from a survey of some 326 large construction companies. 62.2 percent of the surveyed companies responded.
Findings
The data revealed that non-Nationals dominate the construction sector. In 2004, employment in the construction sector included approximately 17,000 desk-bound positions, of which 68.5 percent were clerical positions. The surveyed companies reported 5,740 desk-bound positions. UAE Nationals accounted for only 3.2 percent of employment in these occupations and nearly 91 percent of these were males. Within this group, over 74 percent held managerial positions.
An examination of the qualifications required for the occupations under consideration indicated that managers, engineers (non-site), and auditors/financial controllers and accountants commonly require a university degree, whereas the clerical occupations can be filled by people with “below university” qualifications (high school certificate, diploma or higher diploma). Thus it would seem that there is not a strong requirement for specialist skills in many of the desk-bound occupations and that currently unemployed UAE Nationals would be adequately qualified to take up clerical positions in this sector.
However, it is not merely the availability of jobs that counts. The survey data on salaries and working conditions showed that the salaries offered for desk-bound jobs in the construction sector are low (the average monthly salary for a manager was Dhs. 10,266 and for a general clerk, Dhs 2,653). The average work week was 51.8 hours which is considerably longer than that in other economic sectors where the average work week ranges from 40 to 48 hours. Also 78.6 percent of the surveyed companies reported that they operate a split shift.
Recommendations
The study recommends that Government intervention is needed to bolster UAE National employment in the construction sector and that such intervention is justified by the large number of opportunities available in desk-bound occupations in the sector. The recommendations suggest that the following points need to be considered:
1. There is a need to introduce policies to encourage the sector to reduce working hours, however this should be done in consultation with the sector and such measures should not interfere unfairly with business operations.
2. The employability of UAE Nationals, particularly new entrants to the labour market, could be increased by the introduction of in-company training schemes to help them gain work experience. Such schemes could be coordinated by Tanmia.
3. Existing policies that allow desk-bound occupations to be filled by expatriates when there is a surplus of qualified UAE National labour should be reviewed
4. Existing policies should be supported by legislative measures imposing an employment quota system on desk-bound occupations generally.
