Since the fall of the Ba’athist regime in Iraq after the US invasion, Iran has displayed a flexible foreign policy initiative towards its neighbours. In many ways the strategy reflected other instances of Iranian influence, such as that seen in Syria since the 1980s and in Lebanon since Hezbollah assumed a leading role in 2019.
But what are the limits of Iranian foreign influence? Backlashes in Iraq and the ongoing situation in Lebanon call into question the effectiveness of what has