Anti-Islamist candidate Beji Caid Essebsi has claimed victory in Tunisia's first free presidential election, but bitter rival and incumbent Mohammed Moncef Marzouki dismissed the declaration as unfounded and refused to concede defeat.
Tunisians took to the polls on Sunday for the leadership runoff vote, with many calling the ballot a landmark for Tunisian democracy after the ouster of dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in 2011.
Official results are not due until Monday evening, but shortly after polls closed Essebsi's campaign manager Mohsen Marzouk said early indicators signalled a victory for Essebsi, leader of the Nidaa Tounes party.
Essebsi, 88, appeared before 2,000 supporters who gathered outside his campaign headquarters shouting "Long live Tunisia!", and thanked the voters.
"Tunisia needs all its children. We must work hand in hand," he said as supporters cheered. "I dedicate my victory to the martyrs of Tunisia. I thank Marzouki, and now we should work together without excluding anyone."
Police fired tear gas to disperse a few hundred protesters in a southern city who took to the streets to denounce Essebsi's victory speech, the state news agency TAP reported.
Marzouki's campaign chief Adnene Mancer said the result was too close to call, and accused the Essebsi camp of election "violations."
"Tunisia has won today, democracy has won, we need to stay united. Despite the claims of our adversary, all indications are positive for us, we look ahead," Marzouki told cheering supporters from the balcony of his Tunis campaign headquarters.
It is the first time Tunisians have freely elected their president since independence from France in 1956.
Authorities had urged a big turnout to consolidate democracy following a chaotic four-year transition. Election organizers said turnout was at 59.04 percent.
Just hours before polling began at 8:00 am, troops guarding ballot papers in the central region of Kairouan came under attack and shot dead one assailant and captured three, the defense ministry said.
Prime Minister Mehdi Jomaa condemned what he called a "desperate attempt" to disrupt the election, and later told AFP that what had happened was of no "impact," adding that the security situation was under control.
The authorities had deployed tens of thousands of soldiers and police to provide security for polling day.
Ahead of the vote, jihadists issued a videotaped threat against the North African state's political establishment.
But voters seemed unfazed.
"This is a big day. I am proud to take part in this historic moment," said Bechir Ghiloufi, a 54-year-old bank director in Tunis. "It is important to progress towards democracy."
Raja Gafsi, a 58-year-old worker, said: "It is time to move on and set up long-lasting institutions."
Like most voters, he was anxious to see a return to political and economic stability and security.
A first round on November 23 saw Essebsi win 39 percent of the vote, six percentage points ahead of Marzouki, a 69-year-old former rights activist installed by parliament two months after December 2011 polls.
Nidaa Tounes won parliamentary polls in October, making Essebsi favorite to be the next president, but with powers over national defense and foreign policy curbed under constitutional amendments to guard against a return to dictatorship.
The campaign was marked by mudslinging, with Essebsi refusing to take part in a debate with Marzouki, claiming his opponent was "extremist."
Essebsi insists that Marzouki represents the Islamists, charging that they had "ruined" the country since the 2011 uprising which toppled Ben Ali and sparked a series of uprisings across the region.
Marzouki in turn accused Essebsi, who served as a senior official in previous Tunisian regimes, of wanting to restore the old guard deposed in the revolution.
After polling closed, Essebsi said in an indirect message to his rival: "The future obliges us to work together for Tunisia."
Earlier Marzouki had said: "The rules of the democratic game require that each of us accepts the outcome of the vote in a sporting spirit."
Voters said they regretted the lack of restraint shown by candidates during campaigning, but said they believed Tunisia was on the path to democracy.
"Our candidates and their policies perhaps aren't the best but we're moving forward – the dictatorship is over," said shopkeeper Mohammed Taieb.
In an Internet video posted on Wednesday, jihadists claimed the 2013 murder of two secular politicians that plunged Tunisia into crisis, and warned of more killings of politicians and security forces.
The murders had threatened to derail Tunisia's post-uprising transition until a compromise government was formed in January this year.
Tunisia also faces major economic challenges.
Its economy is struggling to recover from the upheaval of the revolution, and there are fears of widespread joblessness causing social unrest.
